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water.2.1 Water Security and Scarcity

Physical scarcity

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Economic scarcity

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A Sahel capital city receives less than 250 mm of rainfall per year and has no major river within 200 km.
A Pacific atoll has no rivers, and its only freshwater is a thin lens floating above salt water underground.
A semi-arid region's reservoirs no longer refill in winter because winters have become warmer and drier.
A desert country has no permanent rivers and almost no rainfall; its only freshwater is a non-renewable aquifer that formed thousands of years ago.
A Middle Eastern country has only 61 m³ of renewable freshwater per person per year, far below the international scarcity threshold of 500 m³.
An arid mountain region has only seasonal streams; they dry up completely for seven months of every year.
In a coastal town, leaking pipes lose almost 30% of treated water before it reaches homes. The utility cannot afford the repairs.
In a rural area of a tropical country, women walk three hours per day to a year-round river because no pipes have ever been laid to their village.
A region recovering from civil war has a major river running through it, but its water treatment plant was destroyed during the conflict and has not been rebuilt.
An outer, fast-growing neighbourhood on the edge of a tropical city has water mains running past it, but no household connections have been fitted.
In a low-income capital city, wealthy residents drill private boreholes while the poorest 30% pay several times the official tariff to buy water from informal vendors.
A tropical country has abundant rainfall of 1,400 mm per year, but 70% of its people lack piped drinking water because the national utility has no budget for new networks.
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